The Atto Labware Duct Air Conditioning Training System is a premier, factory-assembled laboratory apparatus designed specifically for vocational, technical, and engineering higher education. Built as a self-contained, horizontal thermodynamic duct network mounted on a heavy-duty industrial mobile workstation,

Duct Air Conditioner Training System

the system simulates a complete, multi-stage environmental air treatment plant.

Unlike standard household split or window air conditioners, this system channels an isolated air mass stream through a clear, linear tunnel layout. This allows students to visually track and physically measure the progressive state-changes of air as it undergoes sequential cooling, passive dehumidification, sensible electrical reheating, active steam humidification, and adiabatic evaporative cooling processes. Charged with eco-friendly R134a refrigerant, the trainer provides a completely transparent, highly stable platform for demonstrating advanced psychrometric and refrigeration cycle principles.

Performance Analysis & Learning Capabilities

The apparatus is fully instrumented to enable rigorous quantitative analysis of thermodynamic cycles. Students can systematically conduct laboratory exercises to calculate, plot, and verify the following performance metrics:

• Psychrometric Mapping: Real-time plotting of environmental air manipulation processes on an $h-x$ (Mollier) or psychrometric chart.

• Refrigeration Effect & Capacity: Direct evaluation of heat absorption at the evaporator (Qe​) and total cooling tonnage capacity.

• Work Input & Cycle Power: Quantitative measurement of electrical and mechanical work input to the compressor, comparing actual vs. theoretical cycle power.

• System Efficiency Tracking: Calculation of the overall Coefficient of Performance (COP Cooling​ and COP Heating​) and the overall Equipment Efficiency Ratio (EER).

• Humidity Control Analysis: Comparative evaluation of absolute vs. relative humidity changes using active steam injection (Primary Humidifier) versus passive surface water evaporation (Secondary Humidifier).

• Computer-Based Telemetry: Automated data logging and thermodynamic plotting via an integrated high-speed data bus interface.

Panel and Instruments

The high-contrast, screen-printed vertical console panel is cleanly bifurcated to separate electrical management from the fluid process schematic, enabling clear instructional mapping:

• Electrical Command Dashboard: Features a master, self-locking instructor key switch, a high-visibility red mushroom-head emergency stop button, a main 16A Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB), a 10A thermal overload protector, and a cluster of 5 LED operational status indicator lights.

• Analog Metrology Deck: Houses a precision pointer voltmeter ($0\text{–}250\text{V}$) and a pointer ammeter ($0\text{–}10\text{A}$) for instantaneous primary power monitoring.

• Process Flow Schematic: A high-visibility, screen-printed background displaying the full refrigeration and air-treatment circuit. It features panel-mounted high-pressure ($0\text{–}3.8\text{Mpa}$) and low-pressure ($0\text{–}1.8\text{Mpa}$) pointer dial gauges alongside continuous electromechanical high/low pressure safety cutout controllers.

• Digital Monitoring Arrays: Integrates 4 standalone microprocessor digital temperature displays (resolving down to 0.1∘C step increments) paired with fluid-tight, NTC-sheathed thermistor probes, alongside a multi-mode fan speed governor controller ($10\text{–}220\text{V}$ adjustable output).

• RS485 Data Acquisition Bus: An internal 24V-powered hardware telemetry deck consisting of a dedicated Power Monitoring Module and an Analog Input Module. The bus continuously streams voltage, current, phase angle, line frequency, active power, and electronic high/low transducer pressures to the PC interface.

Technical Specifications

1. Mechanical & Structural Frame

• Frame Structure: Rigid, heavy-gauge industrial aluminum profiles combined with a welded structural steel base frame treated with an anti-corrosion coating.

• Overall Dimensions: Approx. $1500\text{ (L)}\times 750\text{ (W)}\times 1650\text{ (H) mm}$.

• Mobility Infrastructure: Mounted on four (4) heavy-duty industrial swivel caster wheels (2 with positive toggle locking brakes, 2 without brakes).

• Pipeline Matrix: Rigid heavy-wall copper piping, entirely color-coded for visual fluid tracking (Red: High-Pressure vapor/liquid lines; Blue: Low-Pressure suction/vapor lines).

• Circuit Transparency: Embedded heavy-duty inline liquid sight glass window featuring moisture/state transition color indicator beads.

2. Thermal Processing Components

• • Sealed Compressor: Industrial-grade hermetic compressor plant, 1 HP capacity, operating on a single-phase supply, optimized for R134a refrigerant.

  • Condenser Plant: Heavy-duty finned copper tube surface heat exchanger assembly complete with an integrated single-phase 220V AC forced-draft axial cooling fan.

  • Evaporator Plant: Specialized finned copper tube air-cooling coil assembly complete with an independent single-phase variable-speed process air circulation fan.

  • Primary Humidifier: Active ultrasonic mist/steam generation module featuring an independent volumetric fluid reservoir tank of approx. 2.3 Liters capacity ($300\times 260\times 300\text{ mm}$ layout footprint).

  • Secondary Humidifier: Passive cross-fluted cellulose honeycomb evaporative pad assembly utilizing an inline 24V DC submersible water pump circuit and a 1 Liter reservoir base tray.

  • Process Reheater: Industrial duct-enclosed single-phase electric resistive heating element operating on 220V AC for psychrometric sensible heating runs.

  • Flow Regulation Array: One (1) welded 220V AC heavy-duty solenoid valve paired with three (3) manual multi-turn fluid isolation needle valves featuring flared thread couplings ($\text{Minimum }\Phi 6\text{ mm}$ tube diameter).

3. Metrology, Transducers & Software Data Suite

• • Electronic Pressure Transducers: Two (2) current-loop electronic pressure transmitters (Range: $0\text{–}2\text{ MPa}$, Output: $4\text{–}20\text{ mA}$) integrated into the high and low-pressure headers.

  • Digital Temperature Deck: 4 Channels, Range: −50∘C to +110∘C with a calibrated metrology accuracy of ±0.5∘C.

  • Microprocessor Control Link: 3-Way climate controller output terminal routing independent 220V lines to the heating, cooling, and humidifying sub-circuits.

  • Licensed Monitoring Software: Proprietary Windows-compatible data logging and acquisition processing suite. Delivers real-time numerical parameter dashboards, live thermodynamic loop animation diagrams, long-term historical CSV/PDF data logging, and comprehensive data printing capabilities via standard USB terminal links.

Manufacturing Customization & Compliance

Atto Labware Manufacturing Statement: As an OEM and global exporter, Atto Labware provides extensive manufacturing adaptability. Every training system can be physically and technically customized to match your department’s specific procurement tenders, particular regional electrical supply norms, custom syllabus experiments, or space-constrained laboratory layouts.

• Regional Electrical Alignment: While standard units ship configured for single-phase $220\text{V }\pm 10\%,50\text{Hz}$ power grids, electrical control packages can be custom-wound and re-wired factory-direct to accommodate alternative standards (such as $110\text{V},60\text{Hz}$ or alternative localized industrial power standards).

• Tender & Syllabus Modification: Component capacities, transducer counts, and specialized measurement scopes can be expanded or structurally adjusted to precisely fulfill institutional bidding mandates or specific university syllabus requirements.

• Software & DAQ Customization: The data acquisition system can be structurally expanded or customized to feed directly into existing third-party institutional standard SCADA frameworks, localized LAN setups, or alternative telemetry architectures.