Manufactured by Atto Labware

The Vertical and Horizontal Condenser Apparatus is designed to study heat transfer during condensation of steam on vertical and horizontal tubes. It helps students understand film wise and dropwise condensation, as well as the influence of tube orientation on heat transfer performance.

Educational Objectives

• Understand the principles of condensation heat transfer.

• Compare condensation in vertical and horizontal configurations.

• Determine heat transfer coefficients for both orientations.

• Study filmwise and dropwise condensation behavior.

• Analyze practical applications in power plants and refrigeration systems.

Performance Measurement

• Measurement of inlet and outlet water temperatures.

• Determination of steam condensation rate.

• Calculation of heat transfer coefficient.

• Comparison of experimental and theoretical values.

Panel and Instruments

• Steam generator with safety valve and pressure gauge.

• Condensing tubes (vertical and horizontal).

• Water circulation system with flow meter.

• Thermocouples with digital temperature indicator.

• Condensate collection unit.

• Control valves for adjusting flow rates.

• Safety features with insulated components.