Pipe Surge and Water Hammer Test System
The Pipe Surge and Water Hammer Test System by Atto Labware is designed to study the transient effects produced in a pipeline due to sudden changes in flow rate, such as rapid valve closure or pump failure. The apparatus enables the investigation of both surge pressure and water hammer phenomena, allowing students to measure pressure variations and verify theoretical predictions. It is ideal for advanced studies in Fluid Transients, Hydraulic Systems, and Civil Engineering laboratories.
Educational Objectives
Students and researchers will be able to:
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Demonstrate surge and water hammer phenomena in pipelines.
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Determine pressure variations caused by rapid valve closure.
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Study the effects of air vessels in reducing surge pressure.
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Verify the theoretical relationships for pressure rise and wave velocity.
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Analyze transient response curves and damping characteristics.
Performance Measurement
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Measurement of transient pressure using digital or piezometric sensors.
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Observation of surge oscillations for different closure rates.
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Determination of wave velocity and pressure rise magnitude.
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Comparison of surge characteristics with and without an air vessel.
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Evaluation of damping effects and energy dissipation over time.
Panel and Instruments / Components
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Pipeline Circuit: Transparent PVC or stainless steel pipeline with control valve and air vessel.
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Surge Tank / Air Vessel: Cylindrical tank with adjustable air volume for surge damping experiments.
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Pressure Sensors / Piezometers: For monitoring transient pressures at multiple points.
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Control Valve: Quick-action valve for simulating sudden flow changes.
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Flow Meter: Rotameter or digital flow sensor for steady-state discharge measurement.
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Supply Pump: Centrifugal pump providing controlled flow to the pipeline.
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Reservoir Tanks: Supply and return tanks for closed-loop operation.
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Digital Indicator Panel: For displaying pressure and flow readings in real time.
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Support Frame: Powder-coated steel structure with corrosion-resistant fittings.
Specifications (Includes Technical Data)
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| Type | Fluid Transient and Surge Analysis Apparatus |
| Pipeline Length | 2 – 3 m |
| Pipe Diameter | 12 – 20 mm (typical) |
| Pipe Material | Transparent PVC or Stainless Steel |
| Air Vessel Volume | 3 – 5 L (adjustable) |
| Pump Type | Centrifugal Pump, 0.5 HP |
| Flow Range | 0 – 20 LPM |
| Pressure Measurement | Digital Sensors / Bourdon Gauges |
| Power Supply | 230 V AC, Single Phase, 50 Hz |
| Working Fluid | Water (Closed Loop) |
| Construction | Stainless steel and acrylic with powder-coated frame |
| Dimensions | 1500 mm L × 600 mm W × 1000 mm H |
| Weight (Approx.) | 60 kg |
Note: Optional high-speed data acquisition system and computer interface available for transient pressure analysis.
