Hydrology and Rainfall Apparatus
The Hydrology and Rainfall Apparatus by Atto Labware is a comprehensive experimental apparatus designed to study rainfall, surface runoff, and infiltration processes under controlled laboratory conditions. It helps students understand the hydrological cycle, watershed behavior, and the effects of rainfall intensity and soil type on runoff. This system is essential for Civil, Environmental, and Agricultural Engineering laboratories focused on water resources and soil conservation studies.
Educational Objectives
Students and researchers will be able to:
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Simulate natural rainfall and study its effect on different soil types.
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Analyze surface runoff, infiltration, and storage characteristics.
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Measure rainfall intensity and distribution uniformity.
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Determine infiltration rate using various soil conditions.
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Understand watershed hydrology and the water balance equation.
Performance Measurement
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Measurement of rainfall rate and intensity.
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Measurement of surface runoff and infiltration volumes.
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Determination of infiltration capacity curves.
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Observation of erosion patterns under varying rainfall intensities.
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Analysis of catchment response to rainfall events.
Panel and Instruments / Components
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Rainfall Simulator: Fitted with precision nozzles to produce uniform rainfall intensity.
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Soil Bed Tank: Rectangular test tank with adjustable slope for various soil samples.
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Runoff Collection System: Graduated collection tank with outlet for measurement.
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Infiltration Measurement System: Calibrated base outlets to collect infiltrated water.
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Water Circulation Pump: Ensures continuous operation and uniform rainfall.
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Flow Control Valves: For regulating water discharge and rainfall rate.
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Frame Construction: Powder-coated steel stand with transparent side panels for observation.
Specifications (Includes Technical Data)
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| Test Bed Dimensions | 1000 mm L × 600 mm W × 200 mm D |
| Adjustable Slope | 0–10° (variable) |
| Rainfall Intensity Range | 25 – 200 mm/hr (adjustable) |
| Water Circulation Pump | 0.5 HP (single phase) |
| Nozzle Type | Brass precision spray type |
| Measuring Tank Capacity | 20 L (graduated) |
| Working Fluid | Water |
| Operating Temperature | +5 °C to +40 °C |
| Storage Temperature | –25 °C to +55 °C |
| Construction | Stainless steel and acrylic structure with powder-coated support frame |
| Weight (Approx.) | 25 kg |
Note: Customized rainfall simulator configurations, digital sensors, and data acquisition systems are available on request.
