Free and Forced Vortex Test System
The Free and Forced Vortex Test System, manufactured and supplied by Atto Labware India, is an essential fluid dynamics trainer designed to illustrate the differences between irrotational flow (Free Vortex) and rotational flow (Forced Vortex). This system allows students to experimentally verify the theoretical pressure and velocity profiles for both types of motion, providing a practical understanding of fluid mechanics crucial for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Engineering laboratories.
Educational Objectives
Students and researchers will be able to:
- Demonstrate and understand the difference between a Free Vortex (irrotational flow) and a Forced Vortex (rotational flow).
- Experimentally measure the surface profile of the fluid in both types of vortices.
- Verify the theoretical relationship for the Forced Vortex: the surface profile is a paraboloid
- Verify the theoretical relationship for the Free Vortex: the velocity profile follows the relationship v r (velocity is inversely proportional to the radius).
- Understand the application of the Bernoulli equation and the principles of angular momentum in rotational fluid motion.
Performance Measurement
- Measurement of rotational speed (N or omega) for the Forced Vortex using a tachometer.
- Measurement of the radial distance (r) from the center axis.
- Accurate measurement of the fluid surface height (H) relative to the center at various radii for the Forced Vortex.
- Measurement of the velocity profile (v vs. r) for the Free Vortex using a pitot tube or velocity probe.
Panel and Instruments / Components
- Vortex Tank/Cylinder: A transparent, circular cylindrical tank for containing the fluid (water) and observing the vortex formation.
- Rotation Mechanism: A variable-speed motor and stirring paddles/vanes for inducing the Forced Vortex.
- Discharge Mechanism: An axial drain/outlet at the tank bottom to create the Free Vortex.
- Speed Measurement: Digital tachometer or RPM indicator for the rotating mechanism.
- Height Measurement: A radial arm assembly with a vernier or point gauge to accurately measure the fluid surface profile.
- Pumping System: A small pump and circuit to supply water for continuous Free Vortex creation.
Specifications (Includes Technical Data)
| Feature | Detail |
| Vortex Types | Free Vortex and Forced Vortex |
| Tank Construction | Clear Acrylic/Plexiglass Cylinder |
| Tank Diameter | sim 300 mm to 500 mm (Typical) |
| Rotation Speed | 0 to 150 RPM (Variable, with Digital Display) |
| Height Measurement | Point Gauge with Vernier Scale (Accuracy 0.1 mm) |
| Driving Mechanism | Variable Speed DC/AC Motor |
| Working Fluid | Water (Closed/Open Loop) |
| Construction | Blue Powder-Coated Stand, Stainless Steel/Aluminum Components |
Note: Customized specifications, accessories, panel instruments, and LabVIEW software available on request.
